Package Managers

apt update                          # refresh package index
apt upgrade                         # upgrade all installed packages
apt full-upgrade                    # upgrade + handle dependency changes
apt install nginx                   # install package
apt install nginx=1.24.*            # install specific version
apt remove nginx                    # remove (keep config)
apt purge nginx                     # remove + delete config files
apt autoremove                      # remove unused dependencies
apt search "web server"             # search available packages
apt show nginx                      # show package details
apt list --installed                # list installed packages
apt list --upgradable               # list upgradable packages
apt-cache policy nginx              # show installed vs available versions
dpkg -l nginx                       # check if installed
dpkg -L nginx                       # list files installed by package
dpkg -S /usr/bin/nginx              # which package owns a file
dpkg -i package.deb                 # install local .deb file

/etc/apt/sources.list               # main sources list
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/            # additional .list files
add-apt-repository ppa:user/repo    # add PPA (Ubuntu)

dnf update                          # update all
dnf install nginx                   # install
dnf remove nginx                    # remove
dnf autoremove                      # remove unused dependencies
dnf search nginx                    # search
dnf info nginx                      # show package details
dnf list installed                  # list installed
dnf list available "http*"          # search available
dnf provides /usr/bin/nginx         # which package owns file
dnf history                         # transaction history
dnf history undo 5                  # undo transaction 5
dnf repolist                        # show enabled repos
dnf config-manager --add-repo URL   # add repo
rpm -qa                             # list all installed RPMs
rpm -ql nginx                       # list files in package
rpm -qf /usr/bin/nginx              # which RPM owns file
rpm -ivh package.rpm                # install local RPM

yum update
yum install nginx
yum remove nginx
yum search nginx
yum provides /usr/sbin/nginx
yum info nginx
yum repolist

zypper refresh                      # update repo metadata
zypper update                       # update all
zypper install nginx                # install
zypper remove nginx                 # remove
zypper search nginx                 # search
zypper info nginx                   # show details
zypper lr                           # list repos

pacman -Syu                         # sync + upgrade all
pacman -S nginx                     # install
pacman -R nginx                     # remove
pacman -Rs nginx                    # remove + orphaned deps
pacman -Ss "web server"             # search repos
pacman -Si nginx                    # show package info
pacman -Q                           # list installed
pacman -Ql nginx                    # list files in package
pacman -Qo /usr/bin/nginx           # which package owns file
pacman -Sc                          # clear package cache

yay -S package          # install from AUR
paru -S package         # alternative AUR helper

snap install code --classic         # install snap package
snap remove code                    # remove
snap list                           # list installed snaps
snap find "text editor"             # search
snap info code                      # show details
snap refresh                        # update all snaps
snap refresh code                   # update specific snap

flatpak install flathub org.gimp.GIMP
flatpak uninstall org.gimp.GIMP
flatpak list                        # list installed
flatpak search gimp                 # search
flatpak update                      # update all
flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo