Forms and Inputs

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys

field = driver.find_element(By.NAME, "username")

field.clear()                         # clear existing value
field.send_keys("alice@example.com")  # type text
field.send_keys(Keys.TAB)             # move to next field

# Read current value
print(field.get_attribute("value"))   # "alice@example.com"

driver.execute_script("arguments[0].value = arguments[1];", field, "alice")
# Then fire the input event so frameworks pick it up
driver.execute_script(
    "arguments[0].dispatchEvent(new Event('input', {bubbles:true}));", field
)

checkbox = driver.find_element(By.ID, "agree-terms")

print(checkbox.is_selected())   # True / False

if not checkbox.is_selected():
    checkbox.click()            # check it

if checkbox.is_selected():
    checkbox.click()            # uncheck it

radios = driver.find_elements(By.NAME, "plan")

for radio in radios:
    if radio.get_attribute("value") == "premium":
        radio.click()
        break

# Or directly by value attribute
driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "input[name='plan'][value='premium']").click()

from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select

select = Select(driver.find_element(By.ID, "country"))

# Select methods
select.select_by_visible_text("United States")
select.select_by_value("US")
select.select_by_index(2)         # 0-based index

# Deselect (multi-select only)
select.deselect_by_visible_text("Canada")
select.deselect_by_value("CA")
select.deselect_by_index(1)
select.deselect_all()

# Read state
print(select.first_selected_option.text)     # text of current selection
print([o.text for o in select.all_selected_options])
print([o.text for o in select.options])      # all options
print(select.is_multiple)                    # True if multi-select

multi = Select(driver.find_element(By.ID, "skills"))
assert multi.is_multiple

multi.select_by_visible_text("Python")
multi.select_by_visible_text("JavaScript")

selected = [o.text for o in multi.all_selected_options]

# 1. Click the trigger to open
driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".dropdown-trigger").click()

# 2. Wait for the options list to appear
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10)
wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".dropdown-menu")))

# 3. Click the desired option
driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//ul[@class='dropdown-menu']/li[text()='Option B']").click()

file_input = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "input[type='file']")
file_input.send_keys("/absolute/path/to/file.pdf")

# Multiple files
file_input.send_keys("/path/to/a.pdf\n/path/to/b.pdf")

# Make hidden file input interactable
driver.execute_script("arguments[0].style.display = 'block';", file_input)
file_input.send_keys("/path/to/file.png")

date_field = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "input[type='date']")
date_field.send_keys("2025-12-31")   # YYYY-MM-DD format

# Or via JS to bypass browser date-picker UI
driver.execute_script("arguments[0].value = '2025-12-31';", date_field)

# Open the picker
driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".datepicker-input").click()

# Navigate months until the target month is visible
while driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".datepicker-month").text != "December 2025":
    driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".datepicker-next").click()

# Click the day
driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//td[@data-day='31']").click()

from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys

slider = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "input[type='range']")

# Arrow keys move the slider
slider.click()
for _ in range(5):
    slider.send_keys(Keys.ARROW_RIGHT)

# Set value via JS
driver.execute_script("arguments[0].value = arguments[1];", slider, "75")
driver.execute_script(
    "arguments[0].dispatchEvent(new Event('change', {bubbles:true}));", slider
)

# Via submit button
driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "button[type='submit']").click()

# Via element.submit() (submits the enclosing <form>)
driver.find_element(By.NAME, "email").submit()

# Via Enter key
driver.find_element(By.NAME, "search").send_keys(Keys.RETURN)

field = driver.find_element(By.ID, "generated-code")

print(field.get_attribute("readonly"))   # "true" or None
print(field.get_attribute("disabled"))   # "true" or None
print(field.is_enabled())                # False when disabled

# Read value of disabled/readonly field
print(field.get_attribute("value"))      # still readable